The Brian Mcknight Algorithm Error

There’s this local auto body shop where I used to live and the owner’s name is Juan. My friend Dawn and I would usually go there to get my car fixed because of its convenient location. If you know me and my friend Dawn well enough, you’d probably know why we can’t stop singing the song “Back At One” by Brian Mcknight. It’s a good song, it’s just that we can’t help sing “Juan…you’re like a dream come true. Two, just wanna be with you…” HAHA.

Anyways, being an aspiring Computer Scientist that I am, I can’t help but think about the algorithm that Brian sings in this song.

Let me start off by giving a little background in Computer Programming.

Joke: “Why did the Computer Scientist die in the washroom/bathroom?”
“Because he/she saw the instructions on the box of soap. LATHER. RINSE. REPEAT.”

For anyone who doesn’t get this joke, the computer scientist died in the washroom lathering and rinsing the soap over and over again, because the instructions on the box of soap never told the user to stop repeating.

In computer science, this is what we call an Infinite Loop (in an algorithm). An Infinite Loop is exactly what you think it is, a loop that keeps going on and on. So in an algorithm (a set of instructions), an Infinite Loop is a set of instructions that gets repeated over and over again (infinitely).

Maybe some people have already noticed this, but in Brian Mcknight’s song “Back At One,” there’s an infinite loop. Here’s the lyrics of where exactly this occurs:

“One, you’re like a dream come true
Two, just wanna be with you
Three, girl it’s plain to see
That you’re the only one for me and
Four, repeat steps one through three
Five, make you fall in love with me
If ever I believe my work is done
Then I’ll start back at one”

Brian sings this song beautifully, but algorithmically, it’s terrible. Let’s go through the song algorithmically.

So we have now sung the first verse and now we are going to sing this part.

“One, you’re like a dream come true
Two, just wanna be with you
Three, girl it’s plain to see
That you’re the only one for me and”

But at “Four, repeat steps one through three,” the algorithm tells us to go back to

“One, you’re like a dream come true
Two, just wanna be with you
Three, girl it’s plain to see
That you’re the only one for me and…”

But what do we do after the last line? Well, we just sing this line again, “Four, repeat steps one through three,” and so on and so on.

This is exactly like the Computer Scientist Joke. If Brian were to sing this song algorithmically, he would keep singing those lines over and over again and he wouldn’t be able to get through the whole song.

Now don’t get me wrong, I think this is one of the best R&B songs of all time. It’s just that if Brian was a computer scientist he probably would’ve never made this song the way it is. And the song he makes if he were, may or may not be even good as it is now. Good thing Brian Mcknight wasn’t a computer scientist though, otherwise, couples would have one less of a good wedding song to think about.

Back at one...again?

Side Note: There’s more than one occurrence of an infinite loop in this song of course. There’s actually a total of two in the lyrics that I showed you. I’m not going to talk about it, because I just wanted to point out that if someone were to follow this song algorithmically, he/she would fail. Also, my claim makes the assumption that for all of the statements in the lyrics, ALL are true. So for example, the statement,

“Four, repeat steps one through three”

is true no matter what, but there’s no reason for it to be false as well. In that case, there wouldn’t actually be a loop in that part that I described. Same applies for the rest of the lyrics. Thanks to the people who pointed these out. Oh, and thanks for reading.

RB

Milla Jovovich’s Music and Mass Entertainment

Milla Jovovich from a Damiani photoshoot.

Today coming home from a lecture at school, I stumbled upon the official website of Milla Jovovich, supermodel turned Hollywood actress, while I was randomly searching the tubes for anything to keep me entertained before I headed off to work. What was interesting is that on one of the drop down menus, she had a list of pieces of music that she had written, composed, and sung by herself. Mostly unpublished demo pieces, she lets her site viewers download them for free, so I figured why the hell not and started downloading all her demo pieces.

It was my first time every hearing music by her, and honestly, I liked it, and I’ll tell you why.

In our current situation today, in terms of mass popular culture, we are nothing more than consuming the capitalist ventures of the entertainment industry. As my professor in one of my lectures in my communications studies class said “there is a now a mixing of ‘high’ culture and ‘mass’ culture where you see 30 second commercials of the Mona Lisa side by side with night cream,” so there is now a certain uncertainty with what constitutes art. What I’m trying to say is, in terms of music, we cannot just value music purely in its form anymore such as the complexity of notation, technique, and the skill of the artist. Of course, I’m not saying that critiquing musical skill and technique should be let go for a more socioanalytical approach to understanding music, but merely to add the sociocultural approach to the whole of the artist.

Milla Jovovich’s Music

When I first encountered Jovovich’s music, I couldn’t quite pin the genre that she presents herself in. In tracks like “Beat on Ice,” she mixes a certain Deep House feel with the looped back beat that signifies most Deep House music tracks. In “Remedy” she uses a melodic acoustic riff as the main motif and then switches to a more harder sound. This ambiguity in genre and her mixing of styles mixed with the dreamy and moody sound she portrays in most of her tracks made me liken her to artists such as Scandanavians, Stina Nordenstam and Bjork, who constantly show a certain ambiguity in their music due to their experimentation in styles.

Now with her being a fashion model, film actor, and musician, what does this tell us about herself as an artist? what the problems this gives in my reading of Jovovich’s music is that her ability to sell her art in these three sectors of mass entertainment problematizes her viability as the “ideal” musician; of doing it for art’s sake by pushing the boundaries to how you can portray a certain emotion or concept through song and not just for the financial profit. However, on the intrinsic side of things, her music portrays a sense of that ideal by experimenting with different styles and techniques. So now the question is, is being an experimental artist being marketed as mass popular culture? Unfortunately, we can only go so far with understanding this as we can safely assume that many different individuals listen to Milla Jovovich and other artists themselves.

This leads me to a point where not all mass popular culture is for the profit it generates in the capitalistic society we live in. In our post modern era, institutions such as art galleries, publishing houses, music studios, and film studios are not the only ones who decide for us what constitutes “good” or “bad” piece of entertainment, but the listeners themselves. Going back to a most often heard of concept in culture studies that comes from the study of semiotics (the study of what is a sign of something), in the postmodern world we cannot safely assume that a piece of music is good or bad because the artist conveys the meaning of her message whether implicitly or explicitly at a superficial or intellectually substantial level. As well, with many different individuals listening to different kinds of music we can assume that we are all not  homogenous and mindless consumers of capitalistic culture. Not everyone will interpret Milla Jovovich the same way, nor will anyone with artists like 50 cent.

So if we can’t rely on other people to tell us what is artistic, and we can’t let artists interpret for us, what do we do?

We simply explain it to ourselves why it is art.

I can only go so far with explaining what Milla Jovovich brings to our society with her music as I can only use her as an example of what art does to culture itself, but what I can say is my own personal opinion to why I like her music and why it is art.

I like it because she seems to enjoy what shes doing. By releasing demo singles on her site, she’s letting the world know that she likes doing it merely because she isn’t selling them off on itunes or Napster like most artists nowadays do with every new track they come out with. On some of the headings of each track she lists on her site, she has little personal anecdotes explaining where the song comes from and why shes doing it. “For fun,” she says for one of her tracks. It is art in my opinion, because she engages in it.

Thanks for reading,

Marcshake

My Preconceptions of Twilight

huh?

Just to note: I have not yet seen the movie or have read this book as I write this note. I’m just merely explaining my preconceived thoughts to why this book is popular at this time.

A Casual Introduction to the Vampirism genre

I believe “Twilight” is a warning sign of a “bad” book because of its formulaic structure. The same themes get repeated over and over and over and over again over a span of over 100 years (just kidding, but you get my point). That’s usually a sign of a problem in culture when we seem to can’t create anything new or radical anymore. which is why this cultural age we live in is called post-modernism, where we’ve fetishized and commodified culture to an extent that it means nothing anymore. We learn nothing from these books aside from the fact that it plays to our emotions (ie. passionate love), and its a rewrite of a rewrite of a rewrite (the original story being Bram Stoker’s Dracula).

It was cool in the beginning when Stoker wrote Dracula, but then everybody else hitched a ride on the “vampire train” and things got a little out of hand. So to sum it all up, the more a concept is rewritten, the worse it gets culturally to the point it means nothing anymore. Dracula used to be about sexuality and religion during the Victoria Era, which was radical for its time, but now its merely nothing more than a commercial venture that plays to the emotions of the audience. Why do you think we have genres such as mystery, horror, and romance? Genres like these never existed before and usually is a result of buying into a concept by many different authors over a period of time.

An important thing to remember, like television and film, books are also a commodity ruled by the supply and demand of human emotion. Ever wonder why there seems to be a lot of superhero/fantasy movies coming out these days? that’s a result of a cultural rewrite of an age when this was popular. Lets go back to the 1960s-1970s Cold War era where people bought into things like Spiderman, Superman, Iron Man, and Captain America because it took their mind off of the Russians who had nukes pointed at the United States. Comic book superheroes gave a sense of comfort during a time when nuclear war was immenent. Now we’re doing the same thing, because of the War on Terror. Why they’re bringing back the Vampire genre I don’t really know for sure, but with movies like Underworld, Interview With a Vampire, Buffy, Helsing, Blade, and Twilight there is a reason why western society is doing this. Until I read the book and watch the movie will I know what exactly the book is drawing connections from (aside from the vampire aspect), and from that, we can see how the book is a reflection on our present-day society.

Thanks for reading,

Marcshake

Harry Potter: Blockbuster Books and You

I’m very well aware of Harry Potter being THE book that has shaped our childhood and or our teenage years for some time so I figured more interest and discussion could be achieved with writing this review first.

So before we begin, lets take a look at some statistics with twentieth century publishing houses:

– Approximately 200,000 titles are produced per year

– A large profit oriented industry (eg. Random House, Harper Collins, Penguin Books, Scholastic Inc., etc.)

There are only two authors in the world to have accumulated the most profit from sales of their books in the entire world, second only to the Holy Bible.

– Dan Brown with $250 million in profits from his book sales and various enterprises that go with the book (eg. movie, supplements, tie-ins, toys, etc.)

– J.K. Rowling with an estimated $1 billion dollars in profits

This means nothing compared to how much the publishing house makes from the successful sales of these books and marketing tie-ins, which amount to two to three times that of the authors earnings. So the economic drive is apparent in the publishing of these books.

However, what is it that makes Harry Potter globally and culturally identifiable? To answer that question, we have to delve into J.K Rowling’s cultural and social environment during the time she first started writing the books.

1980s era
This era was known to be the “Generation X” era or the “baby bust” era, which was known to be the most nihilistic and cynical generation compared to the previous “baby boomer” era which reaped the rapid growth of the post-war world. Generation X is fitfully described by a Times Magazine issue in the 1990s:

“they are an unsung generation, hardly recognized as a social force or even noticed much at all…By and large, the 18-to-29 group scornfully rejects the habits and values of the baby boomers, viewing that group as self-centered, fickle and impractical. While the baby boomers had a placid childhood in the 1950s, which helped inspire them to start their revolution, today’s twenty-something generation grew up in a time of drugs, divorce and economic strain. . .They feel influenced and changed by the social problems they see as their inheritance: racial strife, homelessness, AIDS, fractured families and federal deficits”

This was a generation according to a UK study, “revealed a generation of teenagers who ‘sleep together before they are married, don’t believe in God, dislike the Queen, and don’t respect parents.’ ” If anyone can recall certain cultural aspects of that era such as the Terminator movies and Pat Benatar; where both describe the era quite perfectly. Some historical events that further shaped that era was the fall of the Soviet Union and of the Cold War and the Oil Crises.

Why is this important? by the 1990s and present, these generation Xer’s have become our late 20s to early 30 somethings in our time (we are the generation born 1988-9, “generation Y”), and have started to have families, and with it, these generation Xers carry with them the experiences of their teenage years with the economic trauma of the oil crises which financially and socially affected this generation.

What does this mean in our time? the children of the Generation X and the parents of the Generation X are therefore subjected to or subject a phenomenon known today as “helicopter parenting,” where parents are now paying extremely close attention to their children and prevent them from befalling harm or failures in life instead of letting them experiencing them due to the traumas that the Generation X experienced in their childhood and the “baby boomer’s” experience in raising the Generation X. Such examples are the intrusion of parents in the workplace, academia, and media to smooth out problems their children have which we all experienced at some point. Teenagers, Young adults, and college students alike are experiencing this phenomenon where decisions are forced or made by parents, educational plans are set, and early childhood development is in rise.

Anyone heard of the Baby Einstein line of products?

This is a small example of what our society is experiencing today. Basically Baby Einstein was a line of educational products introduced during the 90s to teach children at a very young age classical art, music, and poetry. Imagine 3 month old babies learning the importance of Da Vinci’s masterworks and the paintings of Monet. Achievement is set incredibly high at a young age, and learning through experience is then abolished, which at the moment, children and youth are feeling these pressures.

Harry Potter: Analysis
Now lets set aside the cultural and historical events that J.K. Rowling experiences in her time and turn to her actual book itself. However, keep in mind of the previous points about the 80s and 90s era because this will be important later.

What elements of literature does Rowling draw from?

There is one element that Rowling draws from which constitutes the attraction of this book. A British genre of literature called “the school novel” which remained a popular form among children in the 1830s with the “harry potter” of its time, Tom Brown’s Schooldays. School novels portray the life of a certain character, usually a young uninitiated boy, and his experiences from his first day in a boarding school to his graduation.

Another is arguably, the epic hero. Harry journeys throughout his life at Hogwarts from being a young boy and growing up and destined to fight Voldemort to the death, similar to Odysseus of the Illiad and Beowulf, the ancient epic hero figures of literature.

As you’ve read, Harry Potter is transported to his meager life to a world of magic, of myth, and the unknown. Being in a world of unknown brings about the emotions of fear, paranoia, and danger. Reading more, Harry fights off trolls, giant spiders, wizard occultists, and dark lords; so what does this all mean?

Harry Potter is an anti-thesis to our present society. If you notice, notions of computers, TVs, cellphones, and even popular culture to our standards is missing in the Harry Potter novels; or changed such as Quidditch being a professional sport as opposed to soccer or basketball. These notions of our accustomed comforts are gone from Harry Potter and replaced with mysterious workings of magic and the unknown which leads me to my final point that Rowling aims to show.

Death in a Children’s Novel?
Death becomes more and more apparent in every book, where Harry’s friend’s die one by one. Now what’s puzzling about Rowling’s books is that it is specifically catered to children, as the “school novel” is a sub-genre of the Children’s Literature genre. Now I know you’ve all read children’s novels at one point in time, such as Roald Dahl’s BFG, C.S. Lewis’ The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe, and Lemony Snicket’s A Series of Unfortunate Events. Death however is not explained, taught, or touched upon in any children’s novel and is questioned by a lot of people today as why Rowling centered her theme on death, a scary subject for children.

Coming Back to Cultural and Social Context
Coming back to the argument that the generation X and “baby boomers” sought to protect their children from harm and make their lives comfortable, many children’s novels released during the 90s and present all paint childhood fantasy and experience as a very comfortable thing. Lets take a generic children’s story for the purposes of this explanation: A boy or a girl goes on a quest, meets good and evil characters, befriends the good characters, tricks the evil characters, wins the day, and everyone lives happily ever after. This would be a book that every parent would be happy that their kids would be reading would it not? However, Rowling goes against this and takes a risk in providing the details of the ugly side of life. There are certain “monsters” in the world that are real, death is possible, and many bad ideals exist (ie. Malfoy’s snobbery and his notion of the pure blood line). Rowling also goes on to say that in this world, you have to stand up for yourself just like Harry Potter did in his stories despite all the sorrows he goes through. Rowling in Harry Potter goes against the clinical care and “achievement breeding” of children in this age and goes to present that this has become a major societal problem today. Children need to experience life, to experience the ups and downs in life so that they may very well be prepared to face their own lives head on, which make Harry Potter very identifiable to the younger generations all the way up to the 18-20 year old generation of today.

In Closing…
Is the Harry Potter series a good or a bad? it’s hard to tell. There are many, many mixed reviews on Harry Potter and dozen upon dozens of articles both in the media and academic areas contemplating the viability of Harry Potter as a culturally significant iconic book. There is one thing for sure, Harry Potter teaches values greatly needed during this time towards children as well as the parents who’ve raised them. Hard topics like death and how to cope with a complex subject like that with a child’s eye is something that is glossed over in children’s literature, which Rowling’s gutsy attempt to address in her books pays off with millions upon millions of children relating to Harry Potter. Dangerous? not at all, as Rowling attempts at social change for the better with Harry Potter. Poorly written? not at all under the context of Children’s Literature. Only time will tell whether or not this book remains to be an iconic piece of literature of the 21st century or disappear like the rest of the “blockbuster” books that have come out for the past couple years.

Thank you for reading,

Marcshake